Apr 18, 2019 the ozone layer helps to protect life from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Even the proponents of humaninduced ozone depletion are starting to realize that the thinning of the ozone layer is a natural phenomenon that just waxes and wanes. Following is the list of some of the main ozone depleting substances and the sources from where they are released. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. This very well written book completely shreds the ozone depletion hoax to pieces.
The antarctic hole now measures about 9 million square miles, nearly the. There is widespread scientific interest in better regulation of. Less dramatic, still significant, depletion of ozone levels has been recorded around the globe. When the ozone layer is depleted, more ultravioletb radiation than usual reaches earth, increasing our risk of sunburn and skin cancer and warming earth. Ozone o3 is produced in the stratosphere by the intense solar radiation causing photodissociation of the diatomic oxygen molecule o2. Ozone in the stratospherea layer of the atmosphere between 15 and 50 kilometers 10 and 31 miles above usacts as a shield to protect earths surface from the suns harmful ultraviolet radiation. This book presents an overview of the stratosphetic ozone depletion problem, including scientific, technological and policy issues. It is rich in examples of how basic research often contributes to unanticipated outcomes of immense societal benefit. The story of ozone depletion released on october, 2016 the antarctic ozone hole is caused by humanproduced chlorinecontaining chlorofluorocarbons cfcs and brominecontaining halons.
Ozone layer is healing itself, thanks to the corona virus. Global warming by one degree between 1965 and 1998 was caused by a rapid increase in manufacturing of chlorofluorocarbon gases cfcs used in aerosol cans, refrigerators, air conditioners, and certain fire extinguishers, which depleted ozone, causing the antarctic ozone hole, major depletion in the arctic, and more moderate depletion at midlatitudes. An excellent development of pros and cons on ozone depletion theory, tied in with the philosophy of science and the ozone hole controversy. This timeline shows the chain of events leading to prediction of the ozone depletion phenomenon, recognition of its consequences, and eventual actions to avert a threatened disaster. Blending social constructivist theory with insights from the study of complex adaptive systems, hoffmann develops a unique framework for understanding the emergence and evolution of participation norms, which define the. The author buys the ozone hole crisis as being real and important. Susan strahan, a lead author of the latest study, said that they could see clearly that chlorine from cfcs is going down in ozone hole and because of it less ozone depletion is happening.
Discover librarianselected research resources on ozone layer from the questia online library, including fulltext online books, academic journals, magazines. Putting additional ozone destroying compounds such as cfcs into the atmosphere is like increasing the size of the holes in our bucket of ozone. It is present in traces less than 1 ppm in the atmosphere. Ozone by ucar randy russell is licensed under cc bysa. Ozone depleting substances are those substances which deplete the ozone layer. Ozone in the ozone layer is formed by the action of solar ultraviolet light on oxygen. The term ozone depletion can refer to a number of distinct, but related phenomena. Ozone depleting substances are the substances such as chlorofluorocarbons, halons, carbon tetrachloride, hydrofluorocarbons, etc. Ozone depletion following a nuclear war will have catastrophic effects on the amount of uv light reaching the earths surface. Ozone depletion simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Ozone layer depletion is the destruction of ozone gas of upper atmospheric layer stratosphere, caused by substances formed from breakdown of ozone. The ozone depletion phenomenon the national academies press. Mar 21, 2020 ozone depletion, gradual thinning of earth s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities. Without ozone, the suns intense uv radiation would sterilize the earths surface.
Click download or read online button to get acid rain and ozone layer depletion book now. There is a widely held misconception that the problem of ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere. Since about the 1970s, there has been a decrease in total volume of the ozone in the ozone. This website addresses stratospheric ozone issues, including the science of ozone depletion, epas regulatory approach to protecting the ozone layer, epa. This timeline highlights the average area of the ozone hole between september 7th and october th as observed by nasa spacedbased instruments see colored bars and scale.
It is found largely in the stratosphere that extends from about 6 km at the poles and 17 km at the equator to about 50 km above the earths surface. The odp is the ratio of the impact on ozone of a chemical compared to the impact of a similar mass of cfc11. Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s. The committee discusses the montreal protocol on elements that reduce the ozone layer and also a conference in vienna. It is very reactive chemically and is dangerous to plant and animal. Environmental studies ozone depletion tutorialspoint.
Halon r11, r12, r r111, r112, r1, r114, r115 r211, r212, r2, r214, r215, r216, r217 r21, r22 r31 r121 to r124 r1 to r3 r141 to r142 r151 r221 to r226 r231 to r235 r241 to r244 prepared by anco maritime activities ltd v. But through domestic and international action, the ozone layer is healing and should fully recover by about 2065. Acid rain and ozone layer depletion download ebook pdf. The assessment documents the advances in scientific understanding of ozone depletion reflecting the thinking of the many international scientific experts who. Susan strahan, a lead author of the latest study, said that they could see clearly that chlorine from cfcs is going down in ozone hole and because of it. The ozone depletion phenomenon the ozone depletion. Ozone layer depletion cause, effects, and solutions. The thinning is most pronounced in the polar regions, especially over antarctica. Ozone depletion, gradual thinning of earth s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities. Oct, 2016 the story of ozone depletion released on october, 2016 the antarctic ozone hole is caused by humanproduced chlorinecontaining chlorofluorocarbons cfcs and brominecontaining halons. Ozone depleting substances record book anco maritime. However, the fact that there also exists another layer strong enough to. The main problem with the ozone hoaxsters, is not what they tell us. The term ozone depletion means more than just the natural destruction of ozone, it means that ozone loss is exceeding ozone creation.
The author presents an account of the depletion of the atmospheres ozone layer since the discovery of the phenomenon 15 years ago. List of books and articles about ozone layer online. The references used to make their case are extensive. Ozone depletion refers to the wearing out or reduction of the amount of ozone in the stratosphere. Downie, and janet welsh brown ozone is a pungent, slightly bluish gas composed of three oxygen atoms o3. Find out what caused the ozone hole, and how the 1989 montreal protocol sought to put an end to ozone depletion. This book underscores the reemergence of the ozone hole problem and deals. Ozone is a gas that is present in the ozone layer in the stratosphere of the earth. It is very reactive chemically and is dangerous to plant and animal life when present in the lower portions of the. List of books and articles about ozone layer online research. An important policy stimulus in many respects, ozone depletion spawned the montreal protocol of 1987 the most significant international environmental treaty then in existence. Ozone depleting substances refrigerant record log book section 1.
Ozone depletion over india with so much worry about the rapid ozone depletion taking place in various parts of the earth, indian scientists are closely monitoring the ozone layer over india for possible depletion trends. Nasas aura satellite made these measurements of chlorine and ozone during the antarctic winter. Like an infection that grows more and more virulent, the continentsize hole in earths ozone layer keeps getting bigger and bigger each year since the late 1970s, much of the protective layer of stratospheric ozone above antarctica has disappeared during september, creating what is popularly known as the ozone hole. Ozone depletion over india with so much worry about the rapid ozone depletion taking place in various parts of the earth, indian scientists are closely monitoring the ozone layer over india for possible. There, it will absorb almost all ultraviolet light which is harmful to many organisms.
A global thinning of the ozone layer results as ozonerich air from the remaining ozone layer flows into the ozonepoor. See more ideas about ozone depletion, ozone layer and ozone layer hole. The book recounts the flight to ban chlorofluorocarbons cfcs and describes the science, the people, and the politics involved, up to the march 1988 international treaty restricting cfc production. Find out what caused the ozone hole, and how the 1989 montreal. A global thinning of the ozone layer results as ozone rich air from the remaining ozone layer flows into the ozone poor. Ninety percent selection from the globalization reader, 5th edition book. The protocol demonstrates that the economy, as well as individual. See more ideas about ozone depletion, ozone layer and hole in the sky. Causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on human. National aeronautics and the ozone hole space administratio n. Putting additional ozonedestroying compounds such as cfcs into the atmosphere is like increasing the size of the holes in our bucket of ozone. With less ozone in the atmosphere, more ultraviolet radiation strikes earth, causing more skin cancer, eye damage, and possible harm to crops. It also was an issue critical to nasas history that served as a bridge linking nasas weather and landresource satellites to nasas concern for the global. Hoffmann explores the fundamental question of who should participate in the global response to ozone depletion and climate change.
For each ods, this page provides the compounds atmospheric lifetime, ozone depletion potential ozone depletion potentiala number that refers to the amount of ozone depletion caused by a substance. The genesis of scientific assessment of ozone depletion. Ozone o 3 is a gaseous molecule that occurs in different parts of the atmosphere figure 1. For example, they will show you a graph that indicates that the ozone is thinning. The ozone layer helps to protect life from harmful ultraviolet radiation. The emission of ozone depleting substances has been damaging the ozone layer. Date published change of content remarks previous edition may be used for entries in force. Blending social constructivist theory with insights from the study of complex adaptive systems, hoffmann develops a unique framework for understanding the emergence and evolution of participation norms, which define the appropriate global response and. Ozone layer and causes, effects and solutions to ozone depletion. Ozone depletion and climate change, or ozone hole and global warming in more popular terms, are environmental challenges whose connections have been explored and which have been compared and contrasted, for example in terms of global regulation, in various studies and books. Ozone depletion causes, effects, controlling programmes and its recovery by sivaramanan, sivakumaran.
Ozonedepleting substances ozone layer protection us epa. The ozone layer, 12 to 19 miles above earth, protects life on earth by absorbing harmful solar ultraviolet radiation. There is a corresponding hole over the arctic that similarly appears in the spring, although in some years warmer winters there do not result in a major depletion of the ozone layer. In the previous sections, we have seen that everything the bible describes as being a characteristic of the great tribulation also correlates precisely to what is now expected to occur as a result. Slow speeds and idling vehicles produce, per trip, 4 to 8 times more pollutants and consume more carbon footprint fuels, than free flowing traffic. The ozone layer prevents most ultraviolet uv and other highenergy radiation from penetrating to the earths surface but does. Ods ozone depleting substances record book formularus. The the causes and effects of global ozone depletion have been illuminated in this paper. The ozone molecule is comprised of three oxygen atoms covalently bonded. Ozone depletion facts and information national geographic.